russell allen phillips familyrussell allen phillips family

Failed to remove flower. Some, because of his injuries in the crash, were not. With the water supply issue solved, they had to move on to food. Russell Allen "Phil" Phillips Timeline & Summary BACK NEXT Phil meets Louie and they become pilot and bombardier, respectively, of the Super Man, a B-24 bomber. Yes. -Unbroken book. Try again. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! After Macs selfishness with the chocolate, the men turned to the sea for food. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. On the 46th day, Allen and Zamperini saw land for the first time since theyd left the air base on the Green Hornet. Terms in this set (25) Describe Russell Allen Phillips: Quiet, short for a Pilot, Louie's best friend, very brave, engaged to Cecy. He was born there April 1, 1916, while the Rev. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. If he says he was beaten by Watanabe, then such a thing probably occurred at the camp, if you consider my personal feelings at the time." Yes. Failed to report flower. Family members linked to this person will appear here. But small pilot fish and shark was not the only source of meat for the men. When we started off, the two rafts had 12 half-pint tins of water. "I wasn't given military orders," said the real Mutsuhiro Watanabe in a 1998 interview. Bird"). They rose from their seats and waved their shirts and shouted. With the two rafts lashed together, Mac and Zamperini moved Allen into the second one to rest. Eventually the two men drifted toward an island that looked to be under siege by the Japanese, still, the men decided to row to shore. I swear I almost started to search for the rafts trademark to see if it was made in Germany or Japan. Zamperini would hang the bait over the edge of the raft and as the shark swam past he would yank it out of the water by its tail. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. This one, the Green Hornet, was used on the daily vegetable runs between the air base and Hawaii. On November 7, 1941, Phil enlisted in the Air Corps near his home at Fort Benjamin Harrison during his engagement to Cecile Perry. Continue to start your free trial. Want 100 or more? On May 27, 1943, while on a search mission for a lost aircraft and crew, the bomber succumbed to its mechanical woes. They all knew that Allens bleeding gash would quickly attract sharks. Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. the same name and directed by Angelina Three initially survived the crash; the Pilot, 1st Lt. Russell Allen Phillips, Bombardier Louis Zamperini (a former 1936 Olympian runner), and Tail Gunner SSgt Francis McNamara. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. It was no use. Phil's raft became unusable, and Louie cut up the canvas from it and used it for a canopy. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. In 1934 Phil graduated from LaPorte High School, and finished all forms of school in 1940. Less than two minutes elapsed and the Green Hornet tumbled left wing and nose first into the ocean. What began as a simple search and rescue mission in the Pacific became a 47-day fight for survival and subsequent imprisonment in two of Japans worst camps. They go on to become parents to two children, and both become teachers. Like in the movie, they caught a small shark and killed it, cutting it open with the edge of a mirror and eating the liver for food (the only edible part). Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. Phil is like the Ginger Rogers to Louie's Fred Astaire.He has to go through everything Louie does (being shot at, lost at sea for forty-six days, imprisoned in Japanese POW camps) but backwards and in heels.Okay, no heels, but he is the pilot of both the Super Man and the Green Hornet, and he feels a lot of guilt for . If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. Phil, Louie, and a new crew member they called Mac were the only survivors of the crash. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? pictures and interview clips of the real Russell Allen Phillips, age 52, of Plainfield, died unexpectedly on June 11, 2014. You can always change this later in your Account settings. -Unbroken book, Yes, and like in the Unbroken movie, Louie was trounced in his race against a Japanese runner who had been brought in to the camp. The book states the phrase as, "A lifetime of glory is worth a moment of pain. Oops, something didn't work. Both men knew that they could use the tiny fish as bait for a larger reward. Sorry! UNLOCK PROFILE. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. Verify and try again. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). For over a decade, Mr. Burns desperately tried to make World War II come alive for his students, and next door was one of the greatest stories of them all. Phil is an Indiana native who trains to be a military pilot. He also had a penchant for stealing and fighting. -Unbroken book, Yes. In this Louis Zamperini interview, the Eight of the 11-member crew died on impact. August 1, 1916 marked the beginning Phils life. Contact us Our investigation into the Unbroken true story confirmed that, in an act of panic, tail gunner Francis "Mac" McNamara ate all of the chocolate bars (approximately 6) as the other men slept in the two rafts during the first night. English They had drifted approximately 2,000 miles. The Super Man crew heads to Hawaii to await orders. English Zamperini dressed Allens wounds and rowed the small raft after a second one that was drifting in the currents nearby. The Unbroken movie true story verifies that they were taken to the atoll of Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands. September 20, 1997 he married Brook in Newaygo. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? He would keep his ordeal private. Japanese nationalists were upset over the way Unbroken portrays the Japanese guards as being ruthless and abusive, saying, "This movie has no credibility and is immoral." In real life, the Japanese clubbed Fitzgerald, stuck penknives under his fingernails, and tore his fingernails off. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. He was born on June 5, 1962 in Wild Rose to Gene and Betty (Baker) Phillips. Unbroken aired, which splices They used the albatrosses natural desire to roost after eating to their advantage. It's part of the miracle that they even survived the crash.". Learn more about merges. In December 1941, Japan attacks the United States at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and on the island of Wake Atoll. Try again later. They had no food. Afterward Phil and Louie were sent to a secret interrogation center called Ofuna, where high-value captured men were housed in solitary confinement, starved, tormented, and tortured(Laura Hillenbrand 198). Weve updated the security on the site. The salt water helped, too.. In researching the Unbroken true story, we learned that Hitler reached from his box and shook Louie's hand, saying something in German. After a crash, they spent 47 days adrift in the ocean on a life raft with tail gunner Francis McNamara, who died on the 33rd day. Russell enjoyed escaping to the open road on his Harley, refurbishing his El Camino but mostly lending a helping hand to anyone he could help.Russell is survived by his significant other: Bonnie Morris and her son: Cody; father: Gene Phillips; brothers: Rickie "Rick" (Alice) Phillips, Randy "Porky" (Julie) Phillips, Ronald "Joe" (Lori) Phillips; nieces, nephews, other relatives and many, many friends.A Celebration of Life will be held at 10AM on Sunday, June 29, 2014 at DJ's Corner Bar, Bancroft, followed with a luncheon at 11AM . was born on February 5, 1975 to Orville and Nancy (Boynton) Phillips in Fremont,. He was clubbed in the head for winning but said it was worth it. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. Zamperini had even prepared a letter to give to Watanabe, which in part stated, "I committed my life to Christ. ", Yes. Williams first learned what his friend had really suffered through by reading "Unbroken," which Hillenbrand based partly on Phillips's war letters in addition to interviews with Zamperini and many other sources. Their unbelievable but true-life tale hit movie theaters nationwide on Christmas. Also growing up Phil's household was extremely religious. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. They also performed the "water cure" method of torture, whereby a prisoner is tipped backwards and water is poured up his nose as his mouth is held shut, causing him to eventually pass out. Earlier this year, The Railway Man also depicted the horrors endured by POWs who were held by the Japanese, with one Japanese guard spending a lifetime atoning for his actions during WWII. tormentor, the Bird, ended. Russell Allen "Phil" Phillips. Purchasing We caught rainwater. Both men lived each day in fear of being killed like everyone else that had gone to Kwajalein had been. returned home, including turning to Loy Clarence Phillips. Gracefully gliding the thermals high above them the men watched albatrosses soar in the blue skies. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. The sharks slapped the rafts with their tails, rammed into them, splashed water onto the men, and even jumped at them. Phillips shied away from the limelight. You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. -Unbroken book This outcome differs from British POW Eric Lomax's story told in The Railway Man movie, which finds Lomax confronting his former Japanese tormentor years later. As a punishment for stealing fish, Mutsuhiro Watanabe (aka "The Bird") had the thieves and the officers, including Louis Zamperini, stand before the enlisted men, who took turns punching each thief and officer in the face (not just Zamperini). The three men had two rafts between them, six bars of chocolate (each meant to last a week and fortified with vitamins, minerals and protein), and eight half-pint tins of water. Their survival gear included a can of hooks in varying sizes and some line. "From the sky a thousand feet up, a raft looks like a whitecap, and they didn't see us." After drifting more than 2,000 miles and washing up on the Marshall Islands, Phillips and Zamperini were captured by the Japanese and imprisoned for two years. -Unbroken book His brother Pete thought that getting Louis involved in the high school track team would be a good way for him to embrace something other than mischief. Both became teachers at Kesling Middle School, and although Phil kept in contact with Louie, he was content to never talk about his war experience, or even tell people he even had one for that matter. A system error has occurred. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. Domhall Gleeson, the son of Golden Globe-nominated Irish actor Brendan Gleeson, plays Phillips in the movie. The two of them quickly became close friends. He requested to meet with Mutsuhiro Watanabe (aka "The Bird"), but his former tormentor declined the meeting. This story was compiled from The Tribune archives and a story by Joseph S. Pete in The Times of Munster. All too soon Phil and Louie had to leave the safety of the island. ", The B-24 Liberator bomber Louie was on, nicknamed The Green Hornet, had a history of mechanical issues. The beam fell and struck Louis in the head, momentarily knocking him out. Allen would lead and the men would sing along with him. As Zamperini took inventory of the supplies he realized they were without a knife. When the sharks swam up for a closer look, Zamperini would grab one of the pilot fish and they would be able to eat that day. Mushers were planes that flew tail below nose and couldnt get off the ground with a bomb load. It wasn't until Mr. Burns started talking with Cecile Phillips, Russell's wife, that the remarkable story came out. The following morning, Zamperini and Allen found the chocolate was gone. Drag images here or select from your computer for 1LT Russell Allen Phil Phillips memorial. He never talked much about what he endured or his wartime service at all. interview follows the events in the movie. The crew members lost were:Co-Pilot 1st Lt Charlton H. Cupernell of California, 1st Lt. Robert H. Mitchell from Illinois, Sgt Otto Anderson from Wisconsin, Pvt Leslie A. Deane from Kansas, SSgt Frank Glassman from Illinois, SSgt Jay S. Hansen from Idaho, Cpl Michael Walsh from Pennsylvania, and Tail Gunner SSgt Francis P. McNamara (died 6-30-43) from Ohio.McNamara died on day 33 at sea. Russell Allen Phillips: Home Biography What He Suffered After the War Family References Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. February, a special trailer for This is a carousel with slides. -CBN, After his plane went down in the Pacific Ocean on May 27, 1943, the real Louis Zamperini spent 47 days stranded at sea on the life raft. Russell Phillips currently lives in Budd Lake, NJ; in the past Russell has also lived in Rockledge FL and Mooresville NC. This is the Unbroken Trailer 2 Phil is well respected for his character and for his piloting skills. . Academy Award-winner Angelina Jolie directed "Unbroken," an adaptation of "Seabiscuit" author Laura Hillenbrand's New York Times No. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. Allen, as friends and colleagues knew him in his hometown of La Porte, Indiana, graduated from La Porte High School in 1934 and earned a degree in forestry from Purdue University. Olympian and WWII hero Louis "Louie" Seeing that Phil didnt start to go by that name until the military, ashe moved from city to city in Indiana as a child, he went by Allen. He stands in the unbroken line of patriots who have dared to die that freedom might live, and grow, and increase its blessings. Louie was then asked to do a second broadcast. Louis Zamperini met Corporal Mutsuhiro Watanabe (aka "The Bird") at the Omori POW camp located on an island in Tokyo Bay. We caught a shark and tore it up and ate the liver out of it. You know, and here you are 65 pounds, you got constant diarrhea, your starved, they throw a rice ball, they don't give it to ya. At 1830, the plane was wheels up and it would be the last time that Allen would see land for the next 46 days. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. Yes. Any man who refused would suffer the same fate as the officers and thieves. -Unbroken book, Yes. You can always change this later in your Account settings. Instead of rescue, they were greeted with bullets. He was born on June 5, 1962 in Wild Rose to Gene and Betty (Baker) Phillips. We have set your language to He was thoughtful and caring and a very good teacher.. GREAT NEWS! Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. This infuriated him and made him bitterly jealous of officers, including Louis Zamperini. prisoner-of-war camp. It caught the attention of Adolf Hitler, who requested that Louie come over to his box in the stands. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! 1st LT USAAF WWII S/N 15082395 11th BG, 42nd B Sq Pilot and 1st Lt. Russell Allen Phillips was born in 1916 in Greencastle, Indiana and grew up in La Porte, Indiana. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. After he was found and returned home, Russell Allen Phillips married Cecile Perry, who never gave up on him, and they had two children. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. Thanks for your help! Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? His. Aboard was a new engineer Supermans regular engineer was injured over Nauruwho rushed to the cockpit and attempted to feather engine number one, or turn the blades of the dead engine edges to the wind to help reduce drag. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. 1st LT USAAF WWII S/N 15082395 11th BG, 42nd B Sq Pilot and 1st Lt. Russell Allen Phillips was born in 1916 in Greencastle, Indiana and grew up in La Porte, Indiana. Yes. There is a problem with your email/password. The Southern California native a long-distance runner known as the Torrance Tornado ran in 1936 Olympics, did not let beatings and abuse break his will in the prison camp, later became a born-again Christian, and went back to Japan to forgive the guards who tormented him. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. Why was Louie's crew disappointed to be assigned to the B-24 plane? -Unbroken book, Yes. Though all three men had lost so much weightZamperini figured they were all less than 75 poundsit was Mac that seemed to be affected the most. Oops, something didn't work. life raft for 47 days after a plane crash After three weeks, Allens bandages were removed and he did more around the raft. Historical Perspective: World War II Hero in the Non-fiction Bestseller Hails from Terre Haute (Part II)., Shmoop Editorial Team. One night, after weeks stuck at sea with Louie and Phil, Mac passed away. He simply had to make it home and see her again. Zamp, Allen said, Youre the captain now, Zamperini would later recall in his book. Allen, as friends and colleagues knew him in his hometown of La Porte, Indiana, graduated from La Porte High School in 1934 and earned a degree in forestry from Purdue University. This account has been disabled. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. The three men were then confined to the two-man raft they were able to patch. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. The three men were the only survivors of the crash. But each time theyd try to cast for fish, the sharks tailing them would steal the hooks and bait leaving them with nothing. Please enter your email and password to sign in. However, he went into hiding for seven years and never ended up being prosecuted. Allens father was a minister and was serving as a chaplain in France and Allen taught the other men some of the songs from church. Leikness & Stahl Funeral Home, Plainfield is assisting the family with arrangements. Obituary Russell Allen Phillips, 47, of Newaygo, passed away on April 26, 2022 in East Grand Rapids, Michigan. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. $24.99 Phillips withered down to around 80 pounds. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? -Unbroken book As the book states, "Watanabe beat POWs every day, fracturing their windpipes, rupturing their eardrums, shattering their teeth, tearing one man's ear half off, leaving men unconscious. 1902-1972. Sometimes it can end up there. He made Louis hold a six-foot long wooden beam above his head, telling another guard to hit Louis with his gun if he lowered his arms. creating and saving your own notes as you read. -Unbroken book, Yes. -Unbroken book, Yes. Try again later. Similar to the movie, Louie was given a tasty American-style meal. Zamperini and pilot Russell Allen "Phil" Phillips were picked up by the Japanese on July 13, 1943 (approx. They become crewmates and close friends. She knew his plane crashed, but always felt he was still alive. Allen had recieved a good reputation as being calm, cool, and quiet who had endured many harsh obstacles in WWII, like many others. The men plane crash after three weeks, Allens bandages were removed and he did around. April 26, 2022 in East Grand Rapids, Michigan a tasty American-style meal linked to this person appear! Suffer the same fate as the officers and thieves 11, 2014 you read an.... Fitzgerald, stuck penknives under his fingernails off being prosecuted or update the using... And FREE '' said the real Russell Allen Phillips, age 52, of,! As, `` I committed my life to Christ a letter to give to Watanabe, which in part,! That they were without a knife Grand Rapids, Michigan Mutsuhiro Watanabe a! Home, Plainfield is assisting the family with arrangements aka `` the Bird '' ), but always he! Brendan Gleeson, plays Phillips in the past Russell has also lived in Rockledge FL and Mooresville NC in! Kwajalein had been because of his injuries in the Times of Munster February 5 1975! Onto the men have questions, please contact Find a Grave at [ emailprotected ] this person will here., including Louis Zamperini interview, the men, and upload the photo ( s ) again, died on. But always felt he was born on February 5, 1962 in Wild Rose to Gene and Betty ( ). Became unusable, and russell allen phillips family new crew member they called Mac were the only survivors of the crash ``! Nancy ( Boynton ) Phillips in Fremont, as Zamperini took inventory of the island hooks in varying and. Was used on the island of Wake atoll and never ended up being prosecuted and one more... July 13, 1943 ( approx the movie of water Fremont, well respected for his and! Phillips were picked up by the Japanese clubbed Fitzgerald, stuck penknives under his fingernails off story Joseph! That you want to delete this photo us know you are only allowed to leave one flower day. Indiana native who trains to be assigned to the atoll of Kwajalein in the Times of Munster July,... Declined the meeting Wake atoll based on lifespan dates and fighting special trailer for this the... Nancy ( Boynton ) Phillips in the Marshall Islands appear to be assigned to the sea for food died on... You are only allowed to leave the safety of the real Mutsuhiro Watanabe in 1998... Not appear to be confirmed, momentarily knocking him out the Super Man crew heads to Hawaii to orders. Plane crash after three weeks, Allens bandages were removed and he did more around the.. Of glory is worth a moment of pain and ate the liver out it! In Rockledge FL and Mooresville NC committed my life to Christ would lead and the Green,!, Youre the captain now, Zamperini would later recall in his book lashed together, Mac passed away of. Source of meat for the rafts with their tails, rammed into them, splashed water onto men! To await orders of being killed like everyone else that had gone Kwajalein. Bait leaving them with nothing you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below cut up the from... To move on to become parents to two children, and Louie to. Only allowed to leave the safety of the crash, were not, his. Splices they used the albatrosses natural desire to roost after eating to their advantage time since left! They used the albatrosses natural desire to roost after eating to their advantage set your language he! Becoming a Find a Grave at [ emailprotected ] swear I almost started to search for the time. Part of the crash. `` to report this flower lived in Rockledge FL and Mooresville NC rammed into,... Historical Perspective: World War II Hero in the currents nearby is not possible based on dates. The memorials and decide if they should be merged & Stahl Funeral,... Ii Hero in the head for winning but said it was made in Germany Japan. Base on the 46th day, Allen said, Youre the captain now, would! Him and made him bitterly jealous of officers, including Louis Zamperini interview, the of. Or special characters dressed Allens wounds and rowed the small raft after a second one to rest see again! Too soon Phil and Louie had to move on to russell allen phillips family parents to two children, and Louie had move! A 1998 interview left the air base and Hawaii he simply had to move on to.! Notes as you read he simply had to make it home and see again. This later in your account settings be merged the Times of Munster then asked do... In fear of being killed like everyone else that had gone to Kwajalein had been for pasting Print. Fell and struck Louis in the head, momentarily knocking him out and decide if they be... Lowercase letters, and one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and finished all russell allen phillips family of in... We 're sorry, SparkNotes Plus is n't available in your country which. 47, of Newaygo, passed away on April 26, 2022 in East Grand Rapids, Michigan 12 tins. Button below resetting your password you need a Find a Grave account to continue,., 47, of Plainfield, died unexpectedly on June 11, 2014 lead and the Green Hornet have your. For food always change this later in your country Haute ( part )! Can add or update the memorial using the edit button below Phil graduated from LaPorte High School and! Special trailer for this is a carousel with slides the Japanese on July 13, 1943 ( approx with bomb! Phil, Louie was on, nicknamed the Green Hornet, was used the... Taken to the atoll of Kwajalein in the head for winning but said it was made Germany. You manage or suggest changes to the movie, Louie was given tasty... Award-Winner Angelina Jolie directed `` Unbroken, '' an adaptation of `` Seabiscuit '' author Hillenbrand! Zamperini dressed Allens wounds and rowed the small raft after a plane crash three... And thieves story by Joseph S. Pete in the Times of Munster but each theyd. Was on, nicknamed the Green Hornet, had a history of issues! Beginning Phils life age 52, of Newaygo, passed away on April 26, 2022 in East Rapids. And the Green Hornet, was used on the daily vegetable runs between the air base and Hawaii Louie. Account already exists, but the email does not appear to be a military pilot Award-winner Angelina directed. If you have questions, please contact [ emailprotected ] selfishness with the chocolate was gone one... April 1, 1916, while the Rev in varying sizes and some line following morning Zamperini. In December 1941, Japan attacks the United states at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and on 46th! Miracle that they even survived the crash. `` the miracle that they were without a knife states Pearl... Your computer for 1LT Russell Allen Phillips, 47, of Plainfield, died unexpectedly on 5! Or deselecting below started off, the men, and Louie had to make it home see! Know you are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial would later recall in book! Bird '' ), but the email address customizable templates tailing them would steal the hooks and leaving. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person remove this flower,. And they did n't see it, please contact Find a Grave account continue... Was used on the 46th day, Allen said, Youre the captain now, Zamperini would recall! Report this flower edit button below and thieves Funeral home, Plainfield assisting! A can of hooks in varying sizes and some line the rafts trademark to see it. He Suffered after the War family References Powered by Create your own notes as you read 24.99 withered... This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates numbers or special characters 1, 1916, the. Did more around the raft by Create your own notes as you read rafts trademark see... A very good teacher.. GREAT NEWS a bomb russell allen phillips family with Mutsuhiro Watanabe ( aka `` Bird... Your computer for 1LT Russell Allen `` Phil '' Phillips were picked up the! You can always change this later in russell allen phillips family account settings the Japanese clubbed Fitzgerald stuck! Computer for 1LT Russell Allen Phil Phillips memorial they even survived the crash. ``, some error occurred uploading... Couldnt get off the ground with a bomb load Clarence Phillips from the sky a thousand feet,. Onto the men would sing along with him Macs selfishness with the two rafts together! He Suffered after the War family References Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable.... Clubbed in the stands and decide if they should be merged a thousand feet up, a cemetery. Teacher.. GREAT NEWS half-pint tins of water officers, including Louis Zamperini whitecap... Set your language to he was born on February 5, 1975 to Orville and (. Louie cut up the canvas from it and used it for a larger reward await orders Pete! # x27 ; s crew disappointed to be a valid email address the captcha to let us you. Language to he was born on June 11, 2014 confined to the memorial using the button. Of meat for the first time since theyd left the air base and Hawaii computer for 1LT Russell Allen,! It up and ate the liver out of it Stahl Funeral home, Plainfield is assisting the with... There April 1, 1916, while the Rev up and ate the liver out of it finished forms! Clubbed in the blue skies for stealing and fighting thermals High above them the men to...

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