Nonetheless, a sizable Transylvanian Saxon population also resides today in North America, most notably in the United States (specifically in Idaho, Ohio, and Colorado as well as in Canada, southern Ontario more precisely). [49] Another example of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is kipferl (Romanian: cornulee) which can be filled with vanilla, many types of fruit jams, but also with meat. The Transylvanian Saxons also colonized areas outside the Carpathian arch, and, implicitly, outside their newly native lands across Transylvania starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century. The Saxons first arrived in Romanias Transylvania region in the 12th Century from areas that today constitute Germany, France, Belgium and Luxembourg. This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. 9. These fortified churches, or kirchenburgen as they are known in standard German, had defensive capacities in the event of a foreign attack on a rural Transylvanian Saxon community (e.g. . The Saxons first arrived in Romanias Transylvania region in the 12th Century, but over the past few decades the community has all but vanished from the region. Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen (Bhlau Verlag, Kln), 1976. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of the 12th century. residence, nationality). The Transylvanian Saxon population has been steadily decreasing since World War II as they started leaving the territory of present-day Romania en masse during and after World War II, relocating initially to Austria, then predominantly to southern Germany (especially in Bavaria). In Den Fngen Der Gromchte Siebenbrgen Zwischen Brgerkrieg Und Reformation Die Geschichte Siebenbrgens By Wilhelm Andreas Baumgrtner The word is made of two Slavic language words, namely 'bogu' meaning 'god' and 'dan' meaning 'given.'. In the Middle Ages, approximately 300 villages were defended by the Kirchenburgen, or fortified churches with massive walls and watch towers.[29]. They are still used in the Lativan diaspora. I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. ), Die SS nach 1945: Entschuldungsnarrative, populre Mythen, europische Erinnerungsdiskurse, Paul Milata, Motive rumniendeutscher Freiwilliger zum Eintritt in die Waffen-SS in Die Waffen-SS, Neue Forschungen, Series; Krieg in der Geschichte, "SZAB M. ATTILA - Betekints az erdlyi szszok autonmijba", "Hencles reteta de lichiu sasesc cu unt, oua, smantana", "DESTINAII CU GUST Sibiu: Aperitive sseti - cornulee cu carne", "Brodelawend ciorb tradiional sseasc", "Hinweise zur Schreibung der siebenbrgisch-schsischen Ortsnamen", "Transylvanian Saxon (Siweberjesch Sksesch)", "Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (Siebenbrgen-Lied)", "Curriculum vitae Prof. univ. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday. When Romania signed a peace treaty with the Soviets in 1944, the German military began withdrawing the Saxons from Transylvania; this operation was most thorough with the Saxons of the Nsnerland (Bistria area). Anglo-Saxons often named their child by combining parts of the names of the parents. The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. Schuster emigrated to West Germany in 1984 after being sold by the Romanian government to the West German state. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages ; General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . Popescu is also one of the most common surnames in Romania and means"son of the priest". The rural settlements were more protected with a series of fortified churches known as 'kirchenburgen' in standard German. First recorded as a surname in Staffordshire, England, but refers to a village in Normandy called Rugles. Under the influence of Johannes Honterus, the great majority of the Transylvanian Saxons embraced the new creed of Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation. This wave of settlement included exiled Protestants from Upper Austria (the Transylvanian Landlers namely), who were given land near Hermannstadt (Sibiu). 3. His family claimed descent from the royal house of David. Saxon, member of a Germanic people who in ancient times lived in the area of modern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast. I came [to my grandparents house in Cincu] to clear my mind and it just felt right I felt this was home. Later, with few opportunities emerging after communism ended, as many as half a million left between December 1989 and spring 1990, mostly to Germany, as freedom of movement opened up the country. German borrowing of Jnos. Known as "Transylvanian Saxons," they occupied parts of Romania for centuries, establishing autonomous fortresses, cities and villages. . Salt Anglo-Saxon, English. The majority of them are still in very good to relatively good shape to this day, after further consolidation and renovation based on European funds or Norwegian grants (for example in Alma Vii or Laslea), but also based on foreign donations. . During the Modern Age, they favoured more and more the Romanians in order for the latter to obtain increased and rightful political, social, and cultural rights before the Hungarian nobility, with Transylvanian Saxon intellectuals pleading for the Latinity of the Romanian language and the Romanian people. The surrounding area became known as the Nsnerland. I have been searching for such for a while, but to no avail, and I really am keen on studying it, either by reading material written in the language or reading anything that goes into detail about the . Subsequently, taking into account the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, many Transylvanian Saxons became staunch supporters of national socialism, with the Evangelical Lutheran Church losing, eventually, very much of its influence in the community as time passed by. (default) detailed compact very compact clear. Other resolutions: 320 213 pixels | 640 427 pixels | 1,024 683 pixels | 1,280 853 pixels | 2,560 1,707 pixels. A vocabulary list of the Transylvanian Saxon dialect spoken in Zeiden (Codlea) presented by Gert-Werner Liess. Members of the Transylvania Saxon community are working to restore the regions traditional architecture (Credit: Stephen McGrath). . However, the Habsburgs still promoted Roman Catholicism to the Saxons during the Counter-Reformation. [9] Other smaller communities of Transylvanian Saxons can be found in South Africa and Australia as well as South America (for example in Argentina). [38] Historically, the town of Suceava has also been known in Old High German as Sedschopff. However, some younger Saxons, like Zakel, are proudly returning to these communities, focused on preserving what their ancestors left behind. Continued immigration from the Empire expanded the area of the Saxons further to the east. Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Not only one of the most common Romanian surnames but also a very popular first name among boys, Bogdan is a . It has also come in contact with Romanian and Hungarian from which several words were derived. Upper part: the locator (with a special hat) receives the foundation charter from the landlord. Jewish Communities Beginning in 1627, Jews were granted the right to settle, at first exclusively, in Karlsburg. Although the Hungarian control over Transylvania was defeated by Austrian and Imperial Russian forces in 1849, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary in 1867 did not represent a positive transformation for the political rights of the Saxons. The ALLIANCE OF TRANSYLVANIAN SAXONS, organized on 1 May 1895 in Cleveland as the Transylvanian Saxon Sick Benefit Society, is a national fraternal society with headquarters and 4 branches in Cleveland.Created by 27 men, George Sift, a machinist, served as the first president. . [8] They are part of the Romanian Germans. mi.). ABRABANEL ( , -br-b-nel ): Variant of the Spanish-Jewish surname Abravanel , meaning "little Abraham ," a personal name meaning "father of a multitude." Isaac Abrabanel (1437-1508), was a Jewish scholar and statesman. Glck in The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of . In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (in German) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. Johannes Benkner, former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt. . This is further hinted but also highlighted in the coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (Romanian: Cibinium) by the water lily included therein. Lower part: the locator acts as the judge in the village. The literal translation of this Romanian last name is 'black beard.'. During the Protestant Reformation, most Transylvanian Saxons converted to Lutheranism. Back in apu, Zakel gives me a tour of Casa Anna, a more modest project than that of Schuster and her husband. Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. The word means 'god-given' or ' gift of God .'. "Funken" fr einen Schmied), persnliche Merkmale (Adjektive die den Person krperlich siebenbrgischen Namen auch die jene Nachnamen auf die in den 17ten VISCRI, Romania, Sept 12 (Reuters) - For many people in the Transylvanian village of Viscri in central Romania, Britain's King Charles has been a gracious and engaged neighbour. Most colonists to this area came from Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Ltzebuerg) and the Moselle River region (see for instance Medardus de Nympz, former knight and founder of the fortified village of Niemesch/Nema in Mona).[22]. The rapid expansion of cities populated by the Saxons led to Transylvania being known in German as Siebenbrgen and Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis in Latin[d], referring to seven of the fortified towns (see Historical names of Transylvania), most likely: Other potential candidates for this list include: Other notable urban Saxon settlements include: In addition to fortifying their towns over the passing of time, the Transylvanian Saxons also had to fortify their villages by building their fortified churches (the Transylvanian Saxons were initially strongly Roman Catholic then Evangelical Lutheran after the Reformation). Almost all became Lutheran Protestants, with very few Calvinists, while other minor segments of the Transylvanian Saxon society remained staunchly Catholic (of Latin Rite, more specifically) or were converted to Catholicism later on. . In the 18th and 19th centuries Sephardic and Orthodox communities emerged in the Banat and the . The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. British Surnames (National Institute) history. List the most frequent surnames typically associated with these villages. Aside from the Saxon seats, there had also been two districts, namely Bistritz/Bistria and Kronstadt/Braov, which had the following territorial extent, as depicted in the maps below: Along with the Teutonic Order, other religious organizations important to the development of German communities were the Cistercian abbeys of Igrisch (Igri) in the Banat region respectively Kerz (Cra) in Fogaraschland (ara Fgraului). You can visit the site to browse and explore issues of the Cleveland Siebenbrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt, 1939-1954. Although they remained a rich and influential group, the Saxons were no longer a dominant class within Modern Age Transylvania. people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or The Transylvanian Saxons were badly stung by choices made in World War II, when Romania for most of the conflict fought on the side of the Nazis but then changed sides to join the Western Allies and Soviets from 1944. For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. The Transylvanian Saxons represented one of the three nations that made up the Transylvanian feudal system. Although the Saxons did their best to resist, many settlements were destroyed. Die Younger Saxons like Marlene Stanciu and Alex Herberth are returning to these communities and preserving their heritage (Credit: Stephen McGrath). It was very hard at the beginning when our neighbours left, and when my best friend left as well that was very tough.. Lots has changed [in our community], Linzing said. It was estimated that there are approximately 300 such villages with fortified churches built by the Saxons in Transylvania during the Middle Ages.[31]. Although the primary reason for Gza II's invitation was border defence, similar to employing the Szeklers against foreign invaders in the east of Transylvania, Germans were also sought for their mining expertise as well as the ability to develop the region's economy. Paul Milata: Zwischen Hitler, Stalin and Antonescu. Hungarian-Germans, or Transylvanian-Saxons, were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by . Transylvania and aristocracy - if these two words bring anything to mind beyond the long-gone centuries of the Principality of Transylvania, then it is perhaps The Transylvanian Trilogy by Mikls Bnffy, three volumes relating the history of the region . werden. Along with the largely Hungarian-Transylvanian nobility and the Szkelys, the Transylvanian Saxons were members of the Unio Trium Nationum (or 'Union of the Three Nations'), which was a charter signed in 1438. During the reign of Hungarian King Charles I (probably 13251329; also referred to as Charles Robert d'Anjou), the Saxons were organized in the Saxon Chairs (or seats) as follows: The territorial extent of the aforementioned Saxon seats can be clearly seen in depth in the maps from the gallery below: Zwei Sthle (i.e. Currently in Romania, about 60% of ethnic Germans reported being Roman Catholic and 40% Protestant (see Religion in Romania). : Out of 25 ancestral surnames, 12 or 13 look German: 1) Neumann . This document conferred upon the German population of the territory between Drueni (German: Draas, Romanian: Drueni) and Ortie (German: Broos, Romanian: Ortie) both administrative and religious autonomy and defined their obligations towards the Hungarian monarchs. national costumes or Schsische Trachten). Around 100,000 Germans fled before the Soviet Red Army, but Romania did not conduct the expulsion of Germans as did neighboring countries at war's end. of the former Kingdom of Hungary). The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen[6][7] or simply Soxen, singularly Sox or Soax; Transylvanian Landler: Soxn or Soxisch; Romanian: Sai ardeleni, sai transilvneni/transilvani; Hungarian: erdlyi szszok) are a people of mainly German ethnicity (and overall Germanic origin; mostly Luxembourgish) who settled in Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania, German: Siebenbrgen or Transsilvanien, Latin: Transsilvania, Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis, Medieval Latin: Trnsylvnia) in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. The soup is made with starchy potatoes and meat, usually pork or . In Romanian, it is also known as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu. u. National costumes of the Transylvanian Saxons at a folk dance performed in Germany (February 2015), The "community chest" (German: Nachbarschafts kasten) in which the Saxon fraternity held their documents, The "community badge" (German: Nachbarschaft Convener), The historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons[f], Alternative historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons, Transylvanian Saxon women in traditional costumes attempting a folk dance, Traditional Transylvanian Saxon costumes from Wallendorf (Unirea village, now part of Bistria, Bistria-Nsud County), Interior of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon house, The cuisine of the Transylvanian Saxons is very similar to that of the Romanians and the Hungarians living in Transylvania as well as to the Germans, Austrians, or Alemannic Swiss. Welcome to Geni, home of the world's largest family tree. fixiert worden, und Leute haben manchmal ihren Namen gendert! An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA (inglise keeles) The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch (inglise keeles) Transylvanian Saxon surnames (inglise keeles) Transylvanian placenames in different languages (saksa keeles) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (saksa keeles) Well known Transylvanian Saxon politicians and administrative leaders include Michael Wei (former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), Klaus Johannis (current President of Romania and former mayor of Sibiu/Hermannstadt), Iancu Sasul (i.e. The Saxons in northeastern Transylvania were also in charge of mining. In February 1942 and May 1943, Germany concluded agreements with Hungary and Romania respectively, following which the Germans who were fit for military service, although they were either Hungarian citizens (in Northern Transylvania, entered the composition of the Hungarian state through the Second Vienna Award) or Romanian citizens (in Southern Transylvania, remaining part of Romania), could be incorporated into the regular German military units, into the Waffen-SS and into war-producing enterprises or into the Organisation Todt. Although the Saxons did their best to resist and even tried to valiantly fight back the Mongol invaders, their resistance was eventually turned down by the Mongols and many of their settlements were destroyed or ruined in the process. On a scorching summer day in the Transylvanian village of apu (Abtsdorf an der Kokel in German), Doris-Evelyn Zakel is busy collecting pears from an old tree in the courtyard of her great aunts traditional Saxon home. For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Transylvanian Saxons . Notably, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, a medieval realm that existed roughly . Church keeper Hildegard Linzing and her family all speak in the Saxon dialect when they are at home (Credit: Stephen McGrath). The landscape is dotted by haystacks that look as though they belong to a Brothers Grimm fairy tale. Arbeit-verwandt (der Berufsname oder auch eine Anspielung zu einer Arbeit, The Saxons remaining in Romania are represented by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR), the political platform that gave Romania its fifth president, Klaus Iohannis, who was firstly elected in 2014 and then re-elected by a landslide in 2019. Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. For decades, the main . During the 5th century ce the Saxons spread rapidly through north Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain. Their number shrank to 14,770 according to the data provided by the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania in 2003.[45]. Transylvanian Churchbooks. Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialects, they were collectively known as Saxons because of Germans working for the Hungarian chancellery. At the time she didnt mind: as a young woman, it meant liberation from oppressive communism, a chance to forge a life on the back of newfound opportunities in a wealthier country. these personal identifiers became, Einige Forscher denken das die Bedeutungen von Nachnamen von wenigen Wert sind, Sibiu - the Cultural Capital of Transylvania and a fine example of 14th and 15th centuries urban planning. 9. We want to pass on our traditions to our children because it is something beautiful. Prejmer is the largest fortified church in southeastern Europe and among the most impressive Saxon citadels. [13] Later on, they had to further strengthen their hometowns and rural settlements against the expanding Ottoman Empire which posed a major threat from the south. Abstract Records (1902-1981) of the Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons (Cleveland, Ohio), a fraternal and insurance organization, include convention minutes. Stelle-verwandt (aktuelle Wohnung-Stelle, ehemaliger Wohnsitz, . "devotee of"). It also shares some identical dishes with the Austrian cuisine such as cremeschnitte (which has also been traditionally served in Bukovina as well). In comparative linguistics, Transylvanian Saxon is a West Central German dialect that is part of the Moselle Franconian branch. Founded in 1902, the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon descent. Romanian Saxon villages might be tiny, but the churches are mighty. Allegedly, the term Saxon was applied to all Germans of these historical regions because the first German settlers who came to the Kingdom of Hungary were either poor miners or groups of convicts from Saxony.[23]. But as the years passed, Schuster was drawn back to Cincor, where she found a very different place to the one shed left. Stanciu has a background in anthropology and cultural policy, but now specialises in a range of traditional crafts, while Herberth works as a carpenter and restorer and researches ancient craft techniques. In Zeiden gebruchliche Redewendungen. wahrscheinlich im frhen Mittelalter verloren.). Staats- oder Volksangehrigkeit). But while scores of friends and family embarked on their migration to other lands, mostly Germany and Austria, Linzing remained in Malancrav along with generations of elderly family members who were too old to consider uprooting themselves from their ancestral homeland. The represents the sound [r], which exists in some dialects of Latvian, but not in . 4. They can be perceived as being quite related to the Zipser Saxons from present-day Slovakia (as well as other historical regions of contemporary Romania, namely Maramure and Bukovina) given the fact they are two of the oldest ethnic German groups in non-native German-speaking Central and Eastern Europe. Hochdeutsch), for example '' (or dumpfes a as it is known in standard German) which is pronounced as in Norwegian or Danish. Between 1978 to 1989, under the cash-strapped communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceauescu, manySaxons were soldin a mutual government schemeto West Germany in exchange for cash. In the centuries-old settlement, rows of typical old Saxon peasant houses pastel-coloured, lime-washed farmhouses with large, arched gates designed to allow the passing of hay-laden horse carts begin to tell the story of a forgotten people. For more than a hundred years starting in the 2nd century, the region in what is now Romania-comprised of the Transylvanian Basin and the lands to the south-was the Roman province of Dacia.Prior to this, the region had been settled by Indo-Europeans, which the Greeks called the Getae, who then intermingled with other tribes that the Romans . und ihre Orte Although many of these fortified churches have fallen into either decay or ruin, nowadays the south-eastern region of Transylvania still has one of the highest density of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries[30] as more than 150 villages in the area count various types of fortified churches in good shape, seven of them being included in the UNESCO World Heritage under the name of Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania. 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