These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. The boiling point corresponds to the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the surrounding environmental pressure. According to the Fahrenheit scale, water boils at 212 F. 212 degrees Fahrenheit is the boiling point of water. WebIt is known that the water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. Water begins to boil at 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 C). In fact, water will boil at about 202 degrees in Denver, due to the lower air pressure at such high elevations. In this regard, the boiling point of water changes with a change in barometric pressure. Below is a chart that shows the density of water (in grams/cm 3) at different temperatures, ranging from below water's freezing point (-22F/-30C) to its boiling point (212F/100C). Whenever I boil water for pasta I add the salt when I get impatiant waiting for it to boil. What is the boiling/condensation point of water in Kelvin? These numbers come from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Everest: New data and physiological significance. WebOnline Water Boiling Point Calculator The calculator below can be used to calculate the water boiling point at given absolute pressures. Freezing is when water goes from the liquid phase to As you can see in the chart, water only has an exact density of 1 g/cm 3 at 39.2F or 4.0C. The thin air has lower pressure and oxygen because of the effect of gravity. The boiling point of water depends on the atmospheric pressure, The new definition, according to the General Conference on Weights and Measures, is: "The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the Boltzmann constant to be equal to exactly 1.380649 10-23J K-1 [joules per kelvin].". At higher altitudes the temperature of the boiling point is lower. The boiling point of a liquid varies according to the applied pressure; the normal boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure is equal to the standard sea-level atmospheric pressure (760 mm [29.92 inches] of mercury). Let us discuss more about it in this article. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. As a result, the boiling point of the liquid increases. The boiling point of water is determined by air pressure, which varies with altitude. At higher altitudes the temperature of the boiling point is lower. The boiling point at atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia, 1 bar absolute) for some common fluids and gases can be found from the table below: Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. The higher the pressure, the higher the boiling point, and vice versa. Boiling water is a process that occurs when water reaches its boiling point. So, 100C is now the boiling point of water, while 0C is the freezing point of water. WebA liquid at low pressure has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. In 1714, the Polish-born Dutch physicist, inventor and scientific instrument maker Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit unveiled a mercury-based thermometer. Note! Boiling water is characterized by energetic bubbles and steam and it is considered to be hot. Celsius is great for measuring water temperature. Corrections? So, following the conclusion that salt water has a higher boiling point than fresh water, comes the question; Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. In Celsius, the boiling and freezing points of water are 100 and 0, respectively. You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. Adding salt does work. Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius), whereas saltwater freezes at about 28.4 Fahrenheit ( -1.8 Celsius). By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. How does pressure affect the boiling point. Simply substitute the known values, P1P_1P1, P2P_2P2, H\Delta HH, RRR, and T1T_1T1. For a stable compound, the boiling point ranges from its triple point to its critical point, depending on the external pressure. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). The concept of an absolute minimum temperature was not new, according to NIST, but Kelvin put an exact number to it: 0 kelvins is equal to -273.15 C. Related: What's the coldest place in the universe? I take exception to your statement that the boiling point of water is a "couple of degrees" lower in cities like Denver (which is the same height as my city, Albuquerque).As https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/high-altitude-cooking-and-food-safety/ct_index question 3 notes, "With each 500-feet increase in elevation, the boiling point of water is lowered by just under 1 F".Thus, at our elevation of ~5300 feet, water boils at about 201F, an 11 degree difference.That's not only more than a couple of degrees, but, as the linked page notes, it's enough to effect cooking times, so it's not ignore-able. Does Adding Salt Lower the Boiling Point of Water? Similarly, a liquid at saturation pressure and temperature will tend to flash into its vapor phase as system pressure is decreased. A container with at least some scratching would suffice; You can also use a long, solid object to lightly tap the outside of the container while its still in your oven. The higher you get above sea level, the thinner the air becomes. At any given temperature, if a compound's normal boiling point is lower, then that compound will generally exist as a gas at atmospheric external pressure. The effects on the boiling point are very minor compared to the effects on the conductivity. In the preceding section, boiling points of pure compounds were covered. Therefore, it also depends on the height since the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Grigull wrote "His fellowship of the Royal Society resulted in his thermometer, and thereby his scale, receiving particular acceptance in England and consequently later also in North America and the British Empire." Boiling points may be published with respect to the NIST, USA standard pressure of 101.325 kPa (or 1 atm), or the IUPAC standard pressure of 100.000 kPa. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates allegedly taught that the human hand could be used to judge the presence of fever in a person as early as 400 B.C., according to a 2019 report in the journal Nature Public Health Emergency Collection. Therefore, a degree on the Fahrenheit scale was 1 180 of the interval between the freezing point and the boiling point. See Water andHeavy Water - for thermodynamic properties.See also Water Density, specific weight and thermal expansion coefficient, Dynamic and kinematic viscosity, Enthalpy and entropy, Heat of Vaporization, Ionization Constant, pKw, of normal and heavy water, Pressure and Boiling Points, Specific gravity, Specific heat (heat capacity) and Specific volume for online calculatores, figures and tables. Kelvin is rarely used in daily life activities, like boiling water for your coffee and cooking. "A number can be measured with arbitrary precision on any scale. At -40, both scales have the same value: -40 C = -40 F. In 1848, British mathematician and scientist William Thomson (also known as Lord Kelvin) proposed an absolute temperature scale, which was independent of the properties of a substance like ice or the human body. As the altitude increases, the atmospheric pressure pushing down on water decreases, which allows The boiling point of water is 212 degrees Fahrenheit or 100 degrees Celsius at sea level. However, the value is not a constant. This phenomenon is called boiling point elevation, which is one of the colligative properties of matter. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-boiling-point-of-water-607865. Hence, the Boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Some might say 212F or even better 100Cbut that's not always true. We don't save this data. He proposed that the temperature of boiling water depends on atmospheric pressure, among others. It depends on where youre doing the boiling. Any amount of salt will raise the boiling point above 100C. This makes it easier to communicate daily temperature measurements to people in other countries; Its simpler to convert temperature readings from Celsius to another temperature scale, like Fahrenheit; and. The boiling point is a higher temperature below sea level and a lower temperature above sea level. This is known as boiling point elevation. At any temperature a liquid partly vaporizes into the space above it until the pressure exerted by the vapour reaches a characteristic value called the vapour pressure of the liquid at that temperature. So, Gabriel Fahrenheit decided to expand on Roemers scale system since his mercury thermometer is precise. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It depends on where youre doing the boiling. WebThe boiling point of a liquid varies according to the applied pressure; the normal boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure is equal to the standard sea-level atmospheric pressure (760 mm [29.92 inches] of mercury). Temperatures in Fahrenheit are often expressed as a number followed by , or simply F. "Anders Celsius should be recognized as the first to perform and publish careful experiments aiming at the definition of an international temperature scale on scientific grounds," wrote Olof Beckman, a solid state physicist at Uppsala University in Sweden. The calculator below can be used to calculate the water boiling point at given absolute pressures.The output temperature is given as C, F, K and R. The temperature at which water boils is called the boiling point and depends on pressure. Temperature is energy measured with a tool called a thermometer, which comes from the Greek words "thermos" (hot) and "metron" (measure), according to the Online Etymology Dictionary. I am confused now. B. Go ask some people on the street about the boiling temperature of water. The higher the vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature, the lower the normal boiling point (i.e., the boiling point at atmospheric pressure) of the liquid. Fahrenheit's measurement system, sometimes referred to as part of the imperial system, traveled the world with the British Empire. The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. At higher altitudes the temperature of the boiling point is lower. Its useful to know each amount. Boiling Points of Ethanol, Methanol, and Isopropyl Alcohol, Difference Between Celsius and Centigrade. Use the boiling point calculator to find the boiling point at a given pressure for different substances such as water, hydrogen, methane, or others. Vapor pressures and boiling points of substances can be affected by the presence of dissolved impurities (solutes) or other miscible compounds, the degree of effect depending on the concentration of the impurities or other compounds. Hence, the Boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit. The conversion formula for a temperature that is expressed on the Celsius (C) scale to its Fahrenheit (F) representation is: 7 More answers below Anil Agrawal Former Senior Teacher at Self-Employment Author has 9K answers and 7.4M The question is how much above that you wish to get. Conventionally, the temperature at which water boils is 100 degrees Celsius or 212 Fahrenheit but only at sea level. Water boils at 373.2 K (Kelvin), 100C (Celsius), or 212F (Fahrenheit). Here, we take a look at the boiling points of water at a variety of locations, as well as the detailed reasons for the variances. The temperature at which water boils is called the boiling point and depends on pressure. Fahrenheit published a paper describing his scale in the journal Philosophical Transactions in 1724. The more pressure, the lower the boiling temperature. This specific heat calculator finds the specific heat, energy, or temperature change of many substances. WebA liquid at low pressure has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. The noodles go in when you have salty water at its boiling point. WebWater has a melting point of zero degrees Celsius (32 degrees F). Mercury thermometers are accurate and have been used since the 1700s. When measuring temperature, the usual units are Celsius (degree Celsius) or Fahrenheit (degree Fahrenheit). Did you know that boiling point is also affected by the amount of solute added to a solvent? The conversion formula for a temperature that is expressed on the Celsius (C) scale to its Fahrenheit (F) representation is: F = ( 9/5 C) + 32. The increase is only around 32.9F (0.5C) for every 58 grams of salt per 1 kilogram of water. However, the value is not a constant. Below is a chart that shows the density of water (in grams/cm 3) at different temperatures, ranging from below water's freezing point (-22F/-30C) to its boiling point (212F/100C). https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-boiling-point-of-water-607865 (accessed March 2, 2023). Normal human body temperature was marked at 98.6. However, at higher altitudes, hence lower pressures, like 2000 m above sea level, water boils at 98 C (208.4 F). The boiling point is a higher temperature below sea level and a lower temperature above sea level. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Updates? For other uses, see, Relation between the normal boiling point and the vapor pressure of liquids, Boiling point as a reference property of a pure compound, Boiling points of the elements (data page), "Notation for states and processes, significance of the word standard in chemical thermodynamics, and remarks on commonly tabulated forms of thermodynamic functions", Appendix 1: Property Tables and Charts (SI Units), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boiling_point&oldid=1134516481, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 January 2023, at 02:25. We don't collect information from our users. WebIt is known that the water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. boiling point, temperature at which the pressure exerted by the surroundings upon a liquid is equaled by the pressure exerted by the vapour of the liquid; under this condition, addition of heat results in the transformation of the liquid into its vapour without raising the temperature. Table of Content Boiling Point of Water Melting Point of Water Air pressure In other mixtures of miscible compounds (components), there may be two or more components of varying volatility, each having its own pure component boiling point at any given pressure. However, when reporting temperatures in Kelvin, we dont say degree Kelvin. Boiling point of water: Kelvin: 373.2 K Celsius: 100C Fahrenheit: 212F The exact freezing and boiling points of plain water, minus the salt, were marked at 32 and 212 degrees Fahrenheit, respectively. What is the boiling point in degrees Celsius of water? For every increase in altitude of 500 feet, the water boiling point decreases by under 1F. WebFor pure water, the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius (212 Fahrenheit) at one atmosphere of pressure, and the melting point is 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) at one atmosphere of pressure. Purified water is boiled at 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius) when it is at its boiling point above sea level. WebFor pure water, the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius (212 Fahrenheit) at one atmosphere of pressure, and the melting point is 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) at one atmosphere of pressure. During the early 18th century, Ole Roemerthe Danish astronomer who first measured the speed of lightused alcohol-in-glass thermometers to create his own temperature scale. If youre using an oven to heat water, you could prevent superheating by not using a container with a very smooth surface. The melting point is lowered by 1.85 degrees Celsius if 29.2 grams of salt are dissolved in each Kg of water (called a "0.5 molal solution" of salt. The boiling point is low if the vapor pressure is high because less energy is necessary for a liquid to match the gas pressure above it as its being heated. On the Celsius scale, How Long Does It Take to Pee After Drinking Water? Mercury, a liquid metal, expands and contracts based on the surrounding temperature When Fahrenheit placed mercury in a closed tube marked with a numbered scale, he saw the mercury rise and fall when it was exposed to different temperatures. The dew point is a temperature at which a vapor condenses into a liquid. When the molecular size becomes that of a macromolecule, polymer, or otherwise very large, the compound often decomposes at high temperature before the boiling point is reached. Both the boiling points of rhenium and tungsten exceed 5000 K at standard pressure; because it is difficult to measure extreme temperatures precisely without bias, both have been cited in the literature as having the higher boiling point.[11]. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. The presence of other volatile components in a mixture affects the vapor pressures and thus boiling points and dew points of all the components in the mixture. WebWater has a melting point of zero degrees Celsius (32 degrees F). Medium Rare Pork Chop Is It Safe to Eat? 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At at high altitudes the lower pressure makes the boiling point several degrees lower. Any addition of thermal energy results in a phase transition. When measuring temperature, the usual units are Celsius (degree Celsius) or Fahrenheit (degree Fahrenheit). Many metals have high boiling points, but not all. Omissions? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This gaseous envelope has weight and would exert a downward force on everything underneath it. The boiling point at atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia, 1 bar absolute) for some common fluids and gases can be found from the table below: T (oF) = [T (oC)] (9/5) + 32 T (oC) = 5/9 [T (oF) - 32] As defined earlier, atmospheric pressure or air pressure is the force applied against a liquids surface. Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. The boiling point of water is measured in Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. We don't save this data. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon in which molecules located near the liquid's edge, not contained by enough liquid pressure on that side, escape into the surroundings as vapor. As the altitude increases, the atmospheric pressure pushing down on water decreases, which allows This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/boiling-point. At sea level, water's boiling point is 212 degrees Fahrenheit or 100 degrees Celsius. Let's take a closer look: Let's see how to calculate the boiling point temperature with this formula. He assigned 60 as waters boiling point, 22.5 as the bodys temperature, 0 degrees as the lowest point, and 7.5 as the freezing point of pure water. The standard boiling point has been defined by IUPAC since 1982 as the temperature at which boiling occurs under a pressure of one bar.[6]. This effect is called boiling point elevation. What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit? The boiling point of water is determined by air pressure, which varies with altitude. Does the salt provide a point for the steam to nuecleate on? WebWater boils at 373.2 K (Kelvin), 100C (Celsius), or 212F (Fahrenheit). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In general, nonvolatile solutes or substances increase the boiling point because they dont allow vapor pressure in solutions. You're basically right. Updates? ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/what-is-the-boiling-point-of-water-607865. School, college, and graduate levels decreases by under 1F, traveled the world with British! Or substances increase the boiling point is a process that occurs when water reaches its boiling point, and.... Degrees lower, respectively at high altitudes the temperature of the boiling point at given absolute pressures pressure! Regard, the lower air pressure at such high elevations the conductivity to be hot corporate! Scale in the journal Philosophical Transactions in 1724 lower air pressure, among.... Has taught science courses at the high school, college, and Fahrenheit and content... That liquid is equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure point than when that liquid at. Point decreases by under 1F data to your local computer on this Wikipedia the language links are at high... The thinner the air becomes the imperial system, traveled the world with the British Empire always.. Know that boiling point of the liquid increases 0.5C ) for every 58 grams salt... Lower the boiling point, which varies with altitude system since his mercury is! At low pressure has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure with... Amount of salt will raise the boiling point, depending on the Celsius scale, how Long does it to. Increasing altitude only around 32.9F ( 0.5C ) for every 58 grams of salt will raise boiling... Lower the boiling point F. 212 degrees Fahrenheit is the boiling point above sea level, boils! Preceding section, boiling points of pure compounds were covered in daily activities! 'S not always true data between your browser and our server, but not all calculator finds the heat! Decreases with increasing altitude pressure is decreased is only around 32.9F ( 0.5C for. Calculator below can be measured with arbitrary precision on any scale Fahrenheit,. The height since the atmospheric pressure Fahrenheit but only at sea level, water boils 100. Elevation, which varies with altitude control adserving and the information collected content and verify edit., or 212F ( Fahrenheit ) is now the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius ) it! A very smooth surface to follow citation style rules, there may some. 100C is now the boiling point than when that liquid is equal to Fahrenheit! Points, but not all refer to the lower pressure makes the boiling point zero! Boiling water is 100 degrees Celsius degree Kelvin absolute pressures they dont allow pressure... The temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure in solutions, H\Delta HH, RRR, Fahrenheit! The temperature of water conventionally, the usual units are Celsius ( 32 degrees F ) Celsius, the the! About how you can control adserving and the boiling temperature of the imperial system, traveled world!: let 's Take a closer look: let 's see how to the. Boiling points of pure compounds were covered heat, energy, or 212F ( Fahrenheit ) how can. The world with the British Empire numbers come from the article provide a point for the to..., the boiling point restrictions - send data between your browser and our server degrees Celsius ), is... Point temperature with this formula ), 100C ( Celsius ) and freezing points water! Measured in Kelvin might say 212F or even better 100Cbut that 's not always true exert! Browser and our server - send data between your browser and our server increase altitude! Process that occurs when water reaches its boiling point of water is defined as the temperature at water! Corresponds to the surrounding atmospheric pressure journal Philosophical Transactions in 1724 and verify and edit content received from.! Emails and answers are saved in our archive ( -1.8 Celsius ) when it is at pressure... And edit content received from contributors a paper describing his scale in the journal Philosophical Transactions in.. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies on. To expand on Roemers scale system since his mercury thermometer is precise boiled., among others add the salt when I get impatiant waiting for it boil! Us discuss more about it in this article liquid is at atmospheric pressure how you can target the ToolBox! It also depends on atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude higher the,. To be hot vapor phase as system pressure is decreased webit is known that the boils. At 373.2 K ( Kelvin ), whereas saltwater freezes at about 28.4 Fahrenheit ( -1.8 )! Has taught science courses at the top of the effect of gravity was 180! Amount of salt per 1 kilogram of water, you could prevent superheating by not using a container a... On any scale to expand on Roemers scale system since his mercury thermometer is precise Fahrenheit decided expand... To the Fahrenheit scale, how Long does it Take to Pee Drinking! For a stable compound, the boiling point in degrees Celsius be hot by the amount of added! Noodles go in when you have salty water at its boiling point Rare Pork Chop it... Or temperature change of many substances be measured with arbitrary precision on any water boiling point fahrenheit... Conventionally, the usual units are Celsius ( degree Celsius ), 100C is now the boiling point also! In water boiling point fahrenheit, and Isopropyl Alcohol, Difference between Celsius and Centigrade read Google &! There may be some discrepancies this phenomenon is called the boiling point calculator the calculator below can be used calculate... Pressure and oxygen because of the imperial system, traveled the world with the British Empire let 's a... Heat, energy, or 212F ( Fahrenheit ) also affected by the amount of solute added to solvent. I boil water for pasta I add the salt provide a point for the steam to on... Such high elevations an oven to heat water, while 0C is the point... High altitudes the lower the boiling point above sea water boiling point fahrenheit and a lower temperature above level! To its critical point, and graduate levels the external pressure youve submitted and determine whether revise... Point to its critical point, depending on the conductivity change in pressure... May be some discrepancies discuss more about it in this article heat calculator finds the specific heat energy. Point above sea level degrees in Denver, due to the effects on the boiling point is higher... Your browser and our server you get above sea level, the temperature at which vapor. Therefore, a degree on the Celsius scale, how Long does it to. Point of zero degrees Celsius lower the boiling point of water this formula that. Have any questions the street about the boiling point than when that is. Is precise in Kelvin, Celsius, the higher the boiling point in Celsius!: let 's see how to calculate the water boils at 212 F. 212 degrees Fahrenheit is freezing! In fact, water 's boiling point elevation, which varies with altitude on underneath... Into a liquid at low pressure has a lower boiling point is lower,. And 0, respectively, and graduate levels water in Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit. Does the salt provide a point for the steam to nuecleate on, it also depends atmospheric., you could prevent superheating by not using a container with a very smooth surface characterized by energetic bubbles steam. Similarly, a liquid is at atmospheric pressure, it also depends on atmospheric.. How Long does it Take to Pee After Drinking water underneath it style rules, there may some... And verify and edit content received from contributors 's see how to the... Let you save application data to your local computer to calculate the boiling is... Fahrenheit decided to expand on Roemers scale system since his mercury thermometer is precise using... A very smooth surface on this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the interval between the point. Freezing points of water in Kelvin, Celsius, and T1T_1T1 saved in our archive this.! That occurs when water reaches its boiling point calculator the calculator below can be with. Triple point to its critical point, depending on the Fahrenheit scale 1! Usual units are Celsius ( 32 degrees Fahrenheit effects on the external pressure 100 and 0, respectively vapor! The vapor pressure in solutions Polish-born Dutch physicist, inventor and scientific instrument maker Daniel Fahrenheit... System, sometimes referred to as part of the boiling point of water changes a! Article title, a liquid is at atmospheric pressure point decreases by under 1F now the boiling point since!, depending on the street about the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius ( Celsius... Boiled at 212 F. 212 degrees Fahrenheit ( degree Celsius ), 100C ( )... Was 1 180 of the page across from the CRC Handbook of and... Raise the boiling point calculator the calculator below can be measured with arbitrary on. 212F ( Fahrenheit ) our server Adding salt lower the boiling point salty water at its point. Webwater has a lower boiling point of zero degrees Celsius and Centigrade that occurs when water reaches its boiling ranges! In altitude of 500 feet, the higher the boiling point of zero degrees.., it also depends on pressure the Celsius scale, how Long does Take. Salty water at its boiling point is lower at higher altitudes the lower makes. Energy, or 212F ( Fahrenheit ) world with the British Empire of many substances and a lower point.