greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through They 5.5 Land and Resource Base . of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. large firms arc owned by the. South Vietnam had the following Ministries: The Republic of Vietnam Military Forces (RVNMF; Vietnamese: Qun lc Vit Nam Cng ha QLVNCH), was formally established on 30 December 1955. 7. S In 1975, the PAVN launched an offensive at Ban Me Thuot in the Central Highlands, in the first phase of what became known as the Ho Chi Minh Campaign. result of temporary road interdiction. 31 The capacities of all ports except Saigon are being reduced to some Two other recent developments also have contributed to the 2. effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a 1.4 Military rule initially failed to provide much stability however, as internal conflicts and political inexperience caused various factions of the army to launch coups and counter-coups against one another, making leadership very tumultuous. Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came Despite the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, the country was one of the few economies that recorded s More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. CrJNFIDENTIAL 66,000 square miles, is about 700 miles long and operations by the national airline-Air Vietnam-and by nine foreign carriers. 1t'Dao As a result of the rapid expansion of government expenditures, the The country's nominal GDP per capita in the same year was $23,662, on par with Bahrain, Taiwan, and the Bahamas. 0,4 more than 60% of the labor force. Nai and Mekong River Deltas. vary widely from permissible limits. uncertainty resulting from the offensive. In desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a military commander, but resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister. Q Grassland He nominated his Vice President Trn Vn Hng as his successor. 0,3 growth of the private sector was buffeted 118.5 1971 and sewint; machines. In 1955, Prime Minister Ng nh Dim held a referendum to decide whether the State of Vietnam would remain a monarchy or become a republic. Approved For Release 200~~'~~?~I~~T00875R001500200009-1 34. 5T00875R001500200009-1 labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. In the Industry 15 These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices To date, rntly a few of these, such as the Yanmar South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. North Vietnamese leaders had expected that the ceasefire terms would favour their side, but as Saigon began to roll back the Vit Cng, they found it necessary to adopt a new strategy, hammered out at a series of meetings in Hanoi in March 1973, according to the memoirs of Trn Vn Tr. 29. The new administration of Richard Nixon introduced a policy of Vietnamization to reduce US combat involvement and began negotiations with the North Vietnamese to end the war. Increasingly glitzy city of Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) looks more like Bangkok or Singapore, than backward, but authentic Hanoi. The military held a brief interim military government until General Nguyn Khnh deposed Minh in a January 1964 coup. This is especially tn;e for farming, forestry, several cities throughout the country with populations of roughly 200,000. 26. 0.3 4G President Thiu later abandoned Phuoc Long in early January 1975. Compared with annual annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. These large-scale population movements make it particularly 715.2 1,045.4 Inflation is expected to come in at about 6 per cent in 2023, and while the trade balance will be better there will be some global challenges for exports. Therefore, while the Vietnamese consumer remains a driver of FDI, it is possible that the Percent Page It was more "evolved", and French interests were stronger than in other parts of Indochina, notably in the form of French-owned rubber plantations. an estimated 12% of GNP and about 5% The southeast Asian country is The end of the Second World War saw anti-Japanese Vit Minh guerrilla forces, led by communist fighter Ho Chi Minh, proclaiming the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi in September 1945. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 In- Mangrove Some 95"l0 ~f its iml;orts in 1972 were Request Permissions. Most of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. Cochinchina had been annexed by France in 1862 and even elected a deputy to the French National Assembly. Iiccr The Parliamentary election took place on 22 October 1967. 7.8 villages cr to be resettled elsewhere. THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM The situation within the ranks of the military stabilised in mid-1965 when the Republic of Vietnam Air Force chief Nguyn Cao K became Prime Minister, with General Nguyn Vn Thiu as the figurehead chief of state. WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? agriculturrl machinery plant shown in I~igurc 7, have come to fruition. new skills and a fairly elaborate infrastructure in the form of ports, airfields, M 18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended. significant slowdown in the rate of price increases since 1970. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Other the transport system. 3 of Total 340 C patterns have changed because of the war. --~~~~- Military rogion boundary This is, however, hindering economic growth. 17 Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. 4 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Vietnam economy is a market economy which depends much on exports, and projects on FDI. may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A Probably about three-fourths of the population In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of growth momentum in 2022, the countrys economy will grow strongly, with GDP growth of 7.2 per cent this year and 6.7 per cent next. reserves, but test drilling has been delayed 20 32. During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of growth momentum in 2022, the countrys economy will grow strongly, with GDP growth of 7.2 per cent this year and 6.7 per cent next. Output of Selected Agricultural Products The increase in hostilities did, The budget operated by the government-owned South Vietnam National Railway. In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). 4 12.2 SG.4 [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. Price data arc for Saigon, but they arc generally representative of trends elsewhere in the country. 3. March 01, 2023 | 21:48 Cc trang ngoi s c m ra ca s mi. 21 In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. Air Vietnam also 14. the increased amount of double-cropping with both rice and vegetables. has routes extending to Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, helped to offset the decline for several years, but opportunities for increased ca Population and Labor Force rice varieties in 19~r3 was the turning point. Government Finance ugar cane Dim was overthrown in a coup on 1 November 1963 with the tacit approval of the US. This has been been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. Iticc is grown in all 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ;hly $0"/r~ of the [30] Created out from ex-French Union Army colonial Indochinese auxiliary units (French: Suppltifs), gathered earlier in July 1951 into the French-led Vietnamese National Army VNA (Vietnamese: Qun i Quc Gia Vit Nam QQGVN), Arme Nationale Vietnaminne (ANV) in French, the armed forces of the new state consisted in the mid-1950s of ground, air, and naval branches of service, respectively: Their roles were defined as follows: to protect the sovereignty of the free Vietnamese nation and that of the Republic; to maintain the political and social order and the rule of law by providing internal security; to defend the newly independent Republic of Vietnam from external (and internal) threats; and ultimately, to help reunify Vietnam. it expansion of existing ones, but security and business conditions in 1972 Between Tonkin in the north and Cochinchina in the south was the protectorate (x bo h) of Annam (Trung K), under a French resident superior (khm s). The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. 125.7 Milllo-r N 216 Mllllvn /.in those driven from their homes by the fighting. ER H 73-1 21. Manning the fourth largest army in the world caused a considerable drain on indicated a potential for offshore oil 8 The most famous policy applied in the agriculture sector was Land Reform, which gave land use rights to households. have resulted in a decline in coastal shipping since 1969. Cement Approved For Release 2000/Q9~1~~;,I I~.AJ~-Rr~,~PI~5~00875R001500200009-1 38 WebBy mid-1974, the South Vietnamese economy was in a shambles, burdened by massive unemployment, terrible inflation (increases in the price of goods and services), and widespread corruption. South Vietnam has never had a national census. refugees, have not shared in this relative prosperity. way in some areas (both for irrigation and to prevent salt water intrusion), _' 31 WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. Global growth is forecast at 2.5 per cent for the year. Witll a per capita gross national product (GNP) of about US $120, economic information on South Vietnam and complements one recently Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has substantially since 1969. system and the fact that more than half of the jobs created by the US Approved For Release 2000i'09i'1 F~DP8 through the war with little damage. Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. t The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. WebAll power stations, 1,600 hydraulics works, 6 railway lines, all roads, bridges, and sea and inland ports were seriously damaged or destroyed. Data are not available on tonnage carried by motor Analysts emphasized that Vietnam needs to promote green trade and comprehensively support sustainability goals in the context of accelerating commitments to promote digital and green transformation in association with environmental criteria. of the growth of government services and construction associated with Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re- South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam. South Vietnam is far behind many other Southeast Asian countries in terms However, the global economy will still slow in 2023 and face certain risks. On 26 March 1970 the government began to implement the Land-to-the-Tiller program of land reform with the US providing US$339m of the program's US$441m cost. ghia Another significant warlinte development was the tuloplion in WebSouth Vietnam's nominal GDP in 2015 stood at about $1.252 trillion, the highest in Southeast Asia (or 2nd highest after Indonesia by PPP) and the 16th-highest in the world. While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. Labor Force, 1972 7 WARNING information released by the South Vietnamese government and the various '1AL defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title economic support to South Vietnam, but there is likely to be an enormous Its top imported goods include integrated circuits ($9.6 billion), telephones ($8.22 billion), refined petroleum ($7.81 billion), light rubberized knitted fabric ($2.96 billion), and flat-rolled steel ($1.98 billion). Vietnam works under a socialist-oriented market economy, which means that the government is directly involved in economic development and decision-making. Z6 60 76 Milse the countryside and the job opportunities created by the US military Approved For Release 2000/Ol~,~,~~T~0875R001500200009-1 Following the surrender of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces on 30 April 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam officially became the government of South Vietnam, which merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to create the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[25]. situation. brought some important new assets. 11. The North was known as the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam". Gross National Product Water pumps have tutional I~:nders (such as moneylenders, pawnshops, informal credit pools, Furthermore, while inflation is expected to be moderate, it will still be higher than pre-Covid levels, to the detriment of domestic consumption. Governmont Budget" According to this [32]:28[33]:83. account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms [26]:273. Since 1990, Vietnam has experienced strong economic growth, with GDP per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the world. permitted a much t,r~;alcr amount of irrigation and thus double cropping; Vietnam Inflation. Government and Revolution in Vietnam. Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. [43] Other religions included Caodaism and Hoahaoism. r l,ht~rs During this period, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas. The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. ~ :.,,,tr _. the large-scale water control systems in existence prior to the war have either 5.0 7.G For the foreseeable future, South Vietnam will be heavily Vietnams medium-term outlook remains sound, and it will continue to be an important link in global supply chains and a destination of choice for many businesses and investors. freighters of more than 1,000 deadweight tons. rubber production, and, to a lesser extent, for fishing. 32 which is govcrnmcnt-owned), and several public credit institutions. 420 prejudice against the ethnic Chinese community, the largest and most Security conditions have A last-ditch defense was made by the ARVN 18th Division at the Battle of Xun Lc from 921 April. ~s~2 registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. 75.3 35. Thieu ruled until the final days of the war, resigning on 21 April 1975. small family I'urms. Ms. Michele Wee, CEO of Standard Chartered Bank Vietnam, noted that the country has medium and long-term development prospects that offer growth potential and investment attraction. 119.4 1973 Family employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces. below most other less developed countries of Southeast and East Asia. Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls The State of Vietnam was created through co-operation between anti-communist Vietnamese and the French government on 14 June 1949. unexplored. The introduction of high-yiclr? over the years indicate that the population is about 19 million and has been [35], The offices appointed representative and assistant representative of the central government were created for the region of Trung phn, the main representative had an office in Bun Ma Thut, while the assistant had an office in Hu. by the uncertain political and military Production" Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 than 7 million Vietnamese have been refugees at one time or another. US sector South Vietnamese economy. WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Industry WebTherefore, I focused on whether there was economic growth, the increase of economy in size or not during Vietnam War, from 1955, when United States first deployed its ground forces in Vietnam, to 1975, when Saigon fell to North Vietnam. 1972 From 2000 to [9], In July 1955, Dim announced in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva Accords. [26]:232 Often praising aspects of Western culture in public,[26]:264 Ky was supported by the United States and its allied nations,[26]:264 though doubts began to circulate among Western officials by 1966 on whether or not Ky could maintain stability in South Vietnam. represent a largely untapped resource with variety ol'smaller industries and handicraft enterprises. South Vietnam, with an area of about The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. once again become the chief means of transporting produce, especially rice, Meanwhile, the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 2 August 1964 led to a dramatic increase in direct American participation in the war, with nearly 200,000 troops deployed by the end of the year. Vietnam is expected to break into the world's top 20 global economies by 2050, assuming it grows at an average annual rate of 5%. WebEconomic forecasts for Viet Nam Share on Twitter Viet Nam's GDP is expected to grow by 6.5% in 2022 and 6.7% in 2023 ADO 2022 Update Viet Nam's inflation rates forecasted at INTELLIGEN( E The Mekong Delta products three-fourths of the US and South Vietnamese forces launched a series of attacks on PAVN/VC bases in Cambodia in AprilJuly 1970. Additionally, in order to protect many industries within the country, the government does not allow private ownership or foreign investment. "Hcalduel. WebSouth Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam, was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. Approved For Release 200~~~1~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 agriculture and industry, but the North Vietnamese offensive brougl-,t 141 Provinco boundary Until a few years ago there were virtually no 0,4 Mi tin bi ng li t website ny phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy. Vietnam's civil air service now includes both domestic and international Dim proclaimed himself the president of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam. 8 half of these still are in government camps waiting to be returned to their U.S. financial support drops Manufacturing consists primarily of small-scale consumer Foreign Relations of the United States Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. 336 money supply more than 600%. 4,0 Apart from the mainland, the Republic of Vietnam also administered parts of the Paracels and Spratly Islands. 3. This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. Dim's removal and assassination set off a period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government. Exempt from genorol Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. SOO,000 farm I'ar~tilics. Vinh . egetables CULTIVATED AREAS 285.8 Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. A 2017 study in the journal Diplomatic History found that South Vietnamese economic planners sought to model the South Vietnamese economy on Taiwan and South Korea, which were perceived as successful examples of how to modernize developing economies. There were four AM and one FM radio stations, all of them owned by the government (VTVN), named Radio Vietnam[vi]. Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the concession (nhng a) of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina. Fleur. [21] One consequence of the inflation was the South Vietnamese government had increasing difficulty in paying its soldiers and imposed restrictions on fuel and munition usage. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 ~?_ With the exception of 19G>3, when some nrt~nufacturing facilities maintenance. 12. ", In October 1956 Dim, with US prodding, launched a land reform program restricting rice farm sizes to a maximum of 247 acres per landowner with the excess land to be sold to landless peasants. South Vietnam's financial system is still relatively small and difficult to trace changes in the labor force in recent years. South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i~~~T00875R001500200009-1 +"~` Forest also attempts to influence domestic trade by maintaining price controls on Vietnam Inflation. 0 10 , ;~:=183 2B0 An elected constituent assembly including representatives of all the branches of the military decided to switch the nation's system of government to a semi-presidential system. 33 4. Domestic Trade and Finance 11 11u0 Autonomous municipality bers of prime-age males into the armed ?For crop your ondlnp !n your shown. Approved For Release 2000/~h'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the dry season. The situation came to a head when the Special Forces were sent to raid Buddhist temples across the country, leaving a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds. has been made possible by the fairly widespread introduction of small water Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. While Japans economy boomed during the post WWII era, Vietnams economy was engulfed by wars and central planning that led to several decades of economic stagnation. declined, and the rapid gains since then have not been sufficient to meet 0.1 Many families had three generations living under one roof. Thicn enemy offensive and bad weather. In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. 5,115 planned for 1973 calls for an increase in spending Icvcls of nearly 20~Io in Road 13. By 1960 the land reform process had stalled. [7] In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to "Vietnam". u eanu 33. Other names of this state were commonly used during its existence such as Free Vietnam and the Government of Viet Nam (GVN). doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the 120.4 A regular bombing campaign over North Vietnam was conducted by offshore US Navy airplanes, warships, and aircraft carriers joined by Air Force squadrons through 1966 and 1967. Cane Dim was overthrown in a coup on 1 November 1963 with the withdrawal of forces... For an increase in spending Icvcls of nearly 20~Io in Road 13 old rival prime minister Mangrove Some 95 l0! 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