You will most likely be given choices that are descriptions of stateless nations, with you having to choose the correct answer or you will be given the description of a stateless nation, and you have to choose the correct term from the given choices. In Syria, Kurds were stripped of their citizenship in 1962 when the Syrian government's "Arabization" effort resulted in hundreds of thousands of Kurds being left off a national census and deemed "foreigners" (though some were allowed to acquire Syrian nationality later.) One result of this was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and the Church. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Although the Palestinians are the majority in Jordan, the country was not created as a nation state for the Palestinians. They have always been held in high suspicion by the majority ethnic populations in the region and considered "foreigners" on their own soil. Kurdish populations are spread between four countries (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran) in all of which they live as (sometimes persecuted) minorities. The national identity in that case is formed based on a recent institution, rather than one which organically developed over a along period of time. For the FRQs, you are not likely to be explicitly asked about one. In total, there are more than 10 million people that are denied a nationality; however, the UNHCR made an announcement that they hope to end statelessness by 2024. Fig. In the Middle East, the formation of nation states created numerous minority groups in each country, whose cultural, linguistic or religious identity doesnt match with the official nationality of the country. In extreme cases, they are targets of violence and human trafficking. It is important to understand the dynamics of national identity for two main reasons: 1) to understand the immense cultural diversity of the Middle East. Contents Kurds Rohingya Palestinians Roma Another . Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, third of all stateless people are children, Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, the most persecuted minority in the world, United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine, 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless, struggle to find work, health care and housing, opened a path to citizenship for 80,000 stateless people. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. In essence, nationalism is belonging. Examples include Kurds (Kurdistan), Palestinians (Palestine), and Yoruba. The Pope became equivalent to an emperor in Western Europe, because when the Western Roman Empire fell to the Germanic invaders, there was a power vacuum which the Bishop of Rome (now known as the Pope) came to fill. By this point, you should already be familiar with the term nation, and that it refers to a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory. Loss or relinquishment of nationality without first acquiring another. The map of the Middle East is diverse already with Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Persian linguistically defining the political borders not the monolithic image most people have of the Middle East as an exclusively Arabic-speaking place. National Borders as Foreign Intervention, Part 5. The Kurds, numbering an estimated 20 million Kurds, are commonly seen as the world's largest nation without a state. What Are the Consequences That Stateless People Encounter? According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the world is host to 12 million people who don't officially belong to any state. In the case of Brazil, many nations, particularly in the Amazon, only learned that such a thing as a "country" existed upon contact with Brazilian outsiders, sometimes in recent decades. The history books your country uses tell lies about you. A total of 5.5 million Palestinians are registered with the UNRWA and since Palestine is still not its own country, those 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless. The term State of Palestine is only used officially by Sweden. What Palestinians share is the claim that they were displaced from their historical homeland in this case during two Arab-Israeli conflicts in 1948 and 1967. Another treaty came into effect instead, depriving your people of statehood, and you're back to square one. For example, going off of the previous example of the Kurds, the geographic area of eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, and western Iran is the land that the Kurds believe belong to them, and is known as Kurdistan. The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the rest of the world. These five stateless groups Rohingya, Roma, Nubians, Bidoon and Yao are just a select few from an extensive list. Stateless nations are usually not represented in international sports or in international organisations such as the United Nations. They are thus called stateless nations. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. In the summer of 2018, the world was fixated on the plight of 12 young soccer players and their coach trapped inside a flooded cave in Thailand. Stateless nations are either dispersed across a number of states (for example, the Kurdish people are found in Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Syria), or they form the native population of a province within a larger state (such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China). A 2014 report by the United Nations Environment6 estimated that the total natural capital cost of plastic used in the consumer goods industry is over USD 75 billion per year. Twentieth Century Middle East to 1945, Part 4. The Tibetan nation is spread across several countries today; its cultural core area was occupied and annexed by China in the 1950s. One example of a multistate nation is the Kurds. Everything you need for your studies in one place. Stateless nations were not protected in all countries and become victims of atrocities such as discrimination, ethnic cleansing, genocide, forced assimilation, Exploitation of labour and natural resources. Not all of the trapped players were Thai, though. Should be in parliament before the end of the year. True. Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. However, within those political boundaries, there is even more diversity to be grappled with, and understood. Regional autonomy in Wales. Its 100% free. Nation-states describe a state comprised of a population with over 90 percent of a particular culture. Frequently Asked Questions about Stateless Nation What is a stateless nation? How to use stateless in a sentence. Your oppressor country is now claiming you are not an actual ethnic group, and you never had any real rights to the land. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). Indigenous groups in Latin America often fall into these categories; they may be protected in theory in state constitutions but suffer substantial discrimination in day-to-day life. Because there are thousands of nations, it isn't practical to list them, but it is helpful to know some categories for distinguishing them: Most ethnic nations have a homeland in only one state, though they may have members in a diaspora as well. htm). This results in situations where people of the same language or culture are divided by national borders, for example New Guinea splits as West Papua (former Dutch colony) and Papua New Guinea (former British colony). Best study tips and tricks for your exams. Such is the case with groups such as the Tolupan, Pech, and Garifuna in Honduras. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. A 2017 government resolution opened a path to citizenship for 80,000 stateless people, mostly children of migrants and refugees, including the Rohingya. An Introduction to Stateless Nations A stateless nation is a special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography. They often faced discrimination ranging from denial of citizenship to dispossession of their homelands. nation both within and outside their families and refugee communities, stateless women in South Asia are experiencing the fallout from COVID-19 in a distinctively stressful way. Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, referred to the Kurds as mountain Turks. Kurdish attempts to achieve autonomy have been ruthlessly suppressed in all four Middle Eastern countries where they dwell. A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state[1] and is not the majority population in any nation state. There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. It also touches upon the issues of inequity that national identity formation often creates. 1 - Territories of the stateless nations of Mexico with over 100,000 Indigenous language speakers. 2) to understand issues of inequity and power imbalances. If not, please review these definitions in the AP Human Geography Study Guide as a strong understanding of these terms is crucial to being able to understand fully what a stateless nation is. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Some of them see themselves as part of the multinational state and they believe that their interests are well represented in it. Scotland is a part of Great Britain, a complex entity of four distinct nations. Check out our other articles on APHuman Geography. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Stephen C Cory, Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans, Next: Part 8. Editor's note: This article has been updated to reflect a correction to the number of countries with laws in which women can't pass their citizenship on to their children if they are single mothers. There were always concepts of cultural community, somewhat synonymous with nation, or people, but national identities were not defined by a particular state. So what is the answer? They contacted party members from across the nation to ask for their support. For example, the various categories of stateless persons not considered 'to deserve or need international protection' are identical to those excluded from refugee status. The homelands of stateless nations like the Kurds, Yoruba, and Palestinians occupy parts of several countries. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. When a community lacks representation in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is sometimes referred to as minoritization. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the process which creates inequity between groups in a given country (see Key Concept below). Nation States and Stateless Nations, Part 8. Palestinians are an Arab nation who, though technically no longer stateless, have not achieved full statehood. Turkish nationalist policy resulted in "Turkification" and the banning of Kurdish self-expression throughout much of the 1900s. For example, when Nigeria became an independent state in 1960, all Nigerians living on the territory of Nigeria became members of the new nation regardless of ethnicity. This is a list of societies that have been described as examples of stateless societies. Whereas the Western European nation-states are at present relinquishing some of their powers to the European Union, many of the former colonies are now the zealous defenders of the concept of national-statehood. [25], Throughout history, numerous nations declared their independence, but not all succeeded in establishing a state. One more example of the stateless nation is Scotland which history greatly differs from Catalan. Fig. Are you a teacher or administrator interested in boosting AP Human Geography student outcomes? [10][11] Some ethnic groups were once a stateless nation that later became a nation state (for example, the nations of the Balkans such as the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks, Slovenes, Montenegrins and Macedonians were once part of a multinational state of Yugoslavia; since the breakup of Yugoslavia many nation states were formed). Part 6. Without citizenship, stateless people have no legal protection and no right to vote, and they often lack access to education, employment, health care, registration of birth, marriage or death, and property rights. Since no government recognizes them, they can't get a birth certificate, attend school, see a doctor, own property or get married. Neighboring countries that otherwise impose border controls sometimes allow the people of transborder nations to cross back and forth across a shared border without doing this or with an expedited process. Nation-state: A state in which the cultural borders of a nation correspond with the state borders of a country (e.g. Bring Albert to your school and empower all teachers with the world's best question bank for: Albert.io lets you customize your learning experience to target practice where you need the most help. The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the rest of the world. The 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Some 10,000 to 20,000 live in Italy without Italian citizenship. This has led to plenty of attacks and violence throughout Spanish cities. [4], During the imperial and colonial era, powerful nations extended their influence outside their homeland and this resulted in many colonized nations ceasing to be self-governing and have since been described as stateless nations. Islam in Middle Eastern Societies, Part 7. Croatia regained its independence when Yugoslavia broke up in the 1990s. Which currently stateless nation was once independent? In Syria, their autonomous area (Rojava) has been heavily affected by Turkish military hostility; the Turkish state and the Kurds have a long-time fraught relationship. It also touches upon the issues of inequity that national identity formation often creates. Its people often live in varying degrees of attachment to their original nation. The Future Role of the West in the Middle East, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University. Members have citizenship in the country in which they reside. This is also a region of heavy conflict. Better known by the derogatory term "gypsies," the Romani or Roma people have suffered ethnic persecution in Europe for centuries. Palestinians are currently members of a stateless nation, although the sovereignty of Palestine has been recognized by 135 member countries of the U.N. For most people, nationality is determined by place of birth, parentage or a long-term residence in a country. The 2017 conflict began when Rohingya militants attacked police outposts in Myanmar. They practice Sunni Islam but are linguistically and culturally distinct from Turks and Arabs. The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. Devine.[8]. Other Religions: Yazidis and Mandaeans, Part 1. D. contains countries whose economies complement one another. Stateless Nations Examples of Nations Nation-states Japan Denmark Multi-national states China (Tibet) Stateless nations Kurds (in Iraq, Turkey, Iran) Basques (in Spain, France) Divided nations Korea (North and South) Point of View Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria may see the Kurds as unreliable, untrustworthy traitors who want to break apart those countries. An estimated 10 to 15 million people worldwide are strangers in their own country. However, it is highly likely that you will be asked a question about political geography. There are 193 member states in the United Nations, but only around 20 are, strictly speaking, nation-states, meaning states (government + geographical territory) with a single ethnic nation inhabiting the territory. Regarding the AP Human Geography Exam, the concept of a stateless nation falls under the political organization of space. (Conflicts often ensue.) The Kurds would be an example of a nation without a state of their own. Traditionally, cultural communities were also based on a particular religious tradition. Likewise, the word umma, which means community and is used by Muslims to refer to their global community, is also sometimes translated as nation. The term State of Palestine is only used officially by Sweden. At the same time, many of those did not possess a state of their own, and some continue to be without a state. 3) to acknowledge that many of the conflicts of the Middle East arebetter understood with an accountingof national identity issues. Civil Wars and Refugee Crises in the Middle East, Part 3. Tim Del Gallo 5/5/22 (extension) Global Conservation UNCLOS Executive Summary The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provided many answers to a confusing question. Croatia, which is around 95% ethnically Croatian, was a kingdom from the 900s to around 1100 AD. [26][27][28][29] Stateless nations sometimes show solidarity with other stateless nations and maintain diplomatic relations.[30][31]. In this article, we are NOT talking about the 50 US states, though; general terms for these, or for provinces, etc., are "administrative division" or "country subdivision.". Even today, there are active autonomy and independence movements around the world. Diverse Religious Identities of the Middle East, Prayer, A Part of Daily Life for Muslims Around the World, The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism, The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University, Chapter Three: The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism. The Roma lived in relative peace in the former Yugoslavia, but when the communist country broke up in the 1990s, hundreds of thousands of Roma were displaced by armed conflicts in Balkan states like Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. The classic instance of a stateless nation has been the Jewish people who for long centuries have suffered for lack of a homeland which was only finally made available to them in 1948. As not all states are nation states, there are ethnic groups who live in multinational states without being considered "stateless nations". States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. Since Roma distrust government agencies and often keep their children out of state schools, many of them fled their home countries without official citizenship paperwork and identification. The Pope became equivalent to an emperor in Western Europe, because when the Western Roman Empire fell to the Germanic invaders, there was a power vacuum which the Bishop of Rome (now known as the Pope) came to fill. Stateless Nation When a nation does not have a state. The new nation state system also created a situation in which many cultural communities in the Middle East became underrepresented minorities. Because the Roma don't believe in the ownership of personal property, including homes, they have always lived on the fringes of European society, drawing suspicion as thieves, occult worshippers or worse. For the sake of this discussion, however, it is important to know that various cultural communities, whether they called themselves qawm or umum (plural for umma), came to consider themselves nations. Nations without territorial autonomy may have other types of special recognition (language is an official state language, same rights as other citizens (i.e., not discriminated against), representation sought in public bodies, etc.). Keys to Understanding the Middle East: History and Religions of the Middle East, Chapter One : Foundations of the Modern Middle East, Chapter Two: The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism, Part 1. Japan, Iceland, Denmark). C. has established a free-trade zone over much of Western Europe. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) was established in 1948 to aid Palestinian refugees who had lost their homes and livelihoods in the Arab-Israeli wars. Stateless Nations Pages: 5 (1388 words) Clean and Green Nation Essay Example Pages: 7 (1864 words) American Literature: Our Nation's Voice Pages: 1 (58 words) The Unfinished Nation, Chapter 12, Review Pages: 6 (1777 words) Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation Pages: 11 (3041 words) Stateless Nation: A nation that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. Report an Error Example Question #4 : Nation State These often differ from cultural boundaries. The U.N. These states were multinational states, often composed of warring tribes and nations. A stateless person is someone who is not recognized as a citizen or a national under the laws of any country and, consequently, cannot enjoy the rights that are associated with citizenship. Gamal Abdul Nasser and Non-Alignment, Part 11. Palestine's case is not unlike other cases where stateless nations have had long-running conflicts with UN-member countries. Nations inhabiting a homeland; their existence goes unrecognized by their country's government. Witness the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s: the attempted establishment of nation-states, with one nation per state, resulted in ethnic cleansing, genocide, refugees, and civil war, and the problem is not yet fully resolved. The Tibetan nation ruled a powerful empire from the 600s-800s AD. having no state; lacking the status of a national See the full definition Hello, . "Nations" in the sense used in this article refers to groups that share a culture and have a governing structure; similar terms such as "tribe," "people," "Indigenous," "native people," "Aboriginal people," etc. They are quite common throughout the world and consistently make major headlines. Many nations were not always subject to the laws of a state. The examples are too numerous to list. For example, Arab-majority countries of the Middle East all share Arab identity, language and heritage, although they have very different national identities. Hundreds of thousands of Roma were killed in Nazi concentration camps during World War II. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. Nearly 225,000 stateless people live in Latvia and 78,000 in Estonia, mainly ethnic Russians who have trouble obtaining citizenship and often face discrimination. To see how you can do this, lets look at an example question about political geography from a past exam and see how we can incorporate the concept of a stateless nation. There are also numerous Kurdish, Arab, Azeri, Assyrian, Jewish, Iranians, among others, and each may be speakers of a different language, and/or adherents to a different religious tradition. stateless people, people with 1 The term foundational learning in this document encompasses both basic . Prayer, A Part of Daily Life for Muslims Around the World, Part 9. The stateless Kurd population in Syria was estimated at 300,000 when the Syrian civil war began in 2011. As such, the term expresses irredentism. 28 October 2019. It was a defeat for the Church, but a victory for increased individualism in regard to spirituality and group belonging. But without papers, their children couldn't apply for citizenship, leaving them in a stateless limbo. The Kurds have a long history of statelessness, dating back to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. Print media played a critical role in the formation of national consciousness as a form of group belonging: reading literature in ones own vernacular had a powerful effect (Anderson, 2006). Individuals or communities often possess legal land titles. The Donbas republics of Luhansk and Donetsk are ethnic Russian states that effectively seceded from Ukraine in 2014 but are only recognized by Russia, Syria, and North Korea as of 2022. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. - Another important reason is the emergence of new states and changes in borders. While there are over 3000 estimated nations in the world, there were only 193 member states of the United Nations as of 2011, of which fewer than 20 are considered to be ethnically homogeneous nation-states. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. However, due to the political organization that results from war, conquests, and expansion, some groups are marginalized and given the short end of the stick. The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, Part 11. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. Nationalists in the countries where Kurds live tend to see Kurdish cultural identity as a threat to their local nationalism. These cases typically have involved violent or deceptive removal tactics such as those used historically by the US. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Kurds are a famous example of a stateless nation; their territory is called "Kurdistan.". Some 20 million Kurds live in Turkey. 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Groups who live in Latvia and 78,000 in Estonia, mainly ethnic Russians who have trouble obtaining citizenship and face... And the Church, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography state comprised of a country e.g! Cory, Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans, Next: Part 8 long! To acknowledge that many of the stateless Kurd population in Syria was estimated at 300,000 the... Roma people have suffered ethnic persecution in Europe for centuries they believe that interests... Usually not represented in international organisations such as the Tolupan, Pech, and Garifuna in.! Came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a nation-state! To understanding stateless nation example geography are a famous example of a stateless nation when a nation or... Not an actual ethnic group, and Garifuna in Honduras Yazidis and Mandaeans, 4. N'T apply for citizenship, leaving them in a stateless nation falls under the political organization space... 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And group belonging power imbalances 100,000 Indigenous language speakers as Part of the more powerful.! When Yugoslavia broke up in the world and consistently make major headlines to minoritization! It refers to a stateless nation example without a state in which many cultural communities were based. Struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and you had!, which is around 95 % ethnically Croatian, was a kingdom from the 600s-800s.! Your people of statehood, and Palestinians occupy parts of several countries today its!

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